Medical dictionary

What is PGT-M?   PGT-M (preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic diseases) is a specialised form of preimplantation genetic testing that targets specific gene mutations responsible for monogenic (single-gene) disorders. A monogenic disorder is caused by a single-gene mutation and can lead to severe health problems.   PGT-M is performed on embryos during the process

What is a phaeochromocytoma?   Phaeochromocytoma is the medical name given to a tumour of the adrenal glands, which are located above your kidneys. It most commonly affects adults, however, children can develop it too. Most of the time, a phaeochromocytoma is not cancerous but in rare cases - around 1 in 10 - it can be malignant.      What are the symptoms of

What is phalloplasty? Phalloplasty is a surgical procedure had by patients who want to change their sex by having a penis constructed surgically. There are different types of phalloplasty, but they all aim to achieve the surgical creation of a penis for patients undergoing female-to-male gender confirmation. Penis construction surgery can take several different operations, taking up to

Is pharmacogenetic testing essential before taking certain medications? Pharmacogenetic testing helps determine how an individual's genetic makeup influences their response to certain medications. While it may not be essential for all medications, it can be highly beneficial for drugs with known genetic variations that affect drug metabolism and response. Why undergo the analysis?

What is pharmacogenomics? Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genes can affect your response to medication and is a branch of personalised medicine. It is a relatively new field that combines pharmacology and genomics to determine prescriptions of drugs and even the dosage that is most likely to work for you. For personalised medicine, you can see a psychiatrist.     &nb

What is a pharyngeal pouch? A pharyngeal pouch (also called Zenker's diverticulum) is a small bulge or pocket, like a hernia, that occurs in the pharynx. The term ‘pharyngeal’ refers to the pharynx, the part of your throat that connects the mouth, nose and oesophagus – it runs from behind your nose through to the bottom of your neck. Your pharynx is located

What is pharyngitis?   Pharyngitis, or a sore throat, is the inflammation of the pharynx, which is located between the tonsils and the larynx, at the back of the mouth. It is characterised by a scratchy feeling and difficulty swallowing. Pharyngitis usually subsides within a week and is caused by a viral or bacterial infection. It causes a sore throat, fever, a rash, redness of the phar

What is analysed? A pharyngotonsillar culture is a laboratory test used to identify the presence of bacteria or other pathogens in the throat and tonsils. How is it used? Pharyngotonsillar culture is used to diagnose bacterial infections such as streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) and tonsillitis. Why undergo the analysis? Pharyngotonsillar culture is performed when a patie

What is being analysed? This test analyses phenobarbital levels in the blood. Phenobarbital is a medication primarily used as an anticonvulsant to prevent seizures. Monitoring its levels is crucial to ensure therapeutic effectiveness and to avoid toxicity.   What does the result mean? The result indicates the concentration of phenobarbital in the blood. This information helps