Medical dictionary

What is endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)? Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an advanced endoscopic procedure used to remove tumours in the digestive tract that have not yet entered the muscle layer. The patient is sedated during the procedure and a local anaesthetic in the form of spray may be used to numb the throat if the ESD is performed via the mout

What is endoscopic surgery?The term ‘endoscopic surgery’ encompasses various techniques, such as hysteroscopy and laparoscopy, in which an optical instrument (a tube with illumination connected to a video camera and a monitor) is introduced inside the body via the rectum or through the abdominal wall, permitting visualisation of the inside of an organ or cavity. Endoscopic surgery, as minimal

What is an endoscopic ultrasound (USE?) An endoscopic ultrasound is a procedure that combines endoscopy and ultrasound to allow a specialist to view the interior walls of various organs and their structures (such as the oesophagus, stomach, intestines), as well as obtain tissue samples and repair any lesions found. Why is it done? Endoscopic ultrasound helps your doctor to diagnose or

What is an endoscopy?   Endoscopy is the use of cameras to relay images from inside the body.  The device used, known as an endoscope, is a long, thin, and flexible tube that has a camera at one end as well as a light source.    An endoscopy can be used to diagnose a wide range of conditions, and the results are interpreted by a specialist. Whether the res

What is endourology?   Endourology refers to a specific area in urology in which minimally invasive surgical techniques are used to see into the urinary tract and perform surgery. Kidney stones are extracted, or fragmented, using small endoscopes and instrumentation through areas such as the urethra, bladder and ureter. In addition to removing kidney stones, surgeons can determine what

What is endovascular brachytherapy?   Brachytherapy uses radiation in the form of implants that are placed into the body near or inside a tumour. The radiation focuses on destroying the tumour, only affecting the smallest amount of normal cells.   Endovascular brachytherapy prevents restenosis (abnormal narrowing of arteries and valves after corrective surgery) of t

What is endovascular surgery? Endovascular surgery is a minimally invasive surgery performed under local anaesthetic. A range of endovascular techniques are employed to unblock, repair, or reroute blood vessels to treat various cardiovascular conditions. These techniques are less invasive than open vascular surgery and can lead to fewer complications after the operation. What is endovasc

What is endovenous laser treatment (EVLA)? Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA or EVLT) is a minimally-invasive technique used in cosmetic surgery to treat varicose veins, which are dilations of the veins of the superficial and deep venous system located mainly in the lower limbs. This is a quick recovery technique that does not require hospital admission. It is less painful than conventi

What is entropion?Entropion is a medical condition in which the eyelid, usually the lower one, turns inward toward the eyeball. This inward rolling causes the eyelashes and skin to rub against the surface of the eye, leading to irritation, discomfort, and potential damage to the cornea. Although entropion can affect anyone, it is most commonly seen in older adults due to age-related changes in the