Medical dictionary

What are thyroid nodules? Thyroid nodules are abnormal growths of thyroid cells and tissue which form a lump in the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located in the neck and releases thyroid hormone, which helps to control the body’s metabolism. Thyroid nodules are usually non-cancerous (benign), but some are cancerous, which means thyroid nodules must be evaluated in order to trea

The thyroid profile is a set of tests designed to assess the function of the thyroid gland and evaluate thyroid hormone levels. Here's an organised overview of the thyroid profile: What is being analysed? The thyroid profile analyses various parameters related to thyroid function, including levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3).

What is thyroid surgery? Thyroid surgery removes all, or part, of the thyroid gland. It is also known as a ‘thyroidectomy’. This operation can be used to treat thyroid cancer, hyperthyroidism (excess of thyroid hormone), and thyroid nodules. A surgeon specialising in thyroid and endocrine surgery performs thyroid surgery. Why is thyroid surgery performed? Th

What is a thyroid ultrasound? Thyroid ultrasound is a morphological examination of the thyroid. It is a non-invasive, painless and safe to ionizing radiation test, which is based on ultrasound emitted by an electrical probe. Ultrasound is particularly useful for defining the volume of the gland, to identify any nodes or inflammatory processes. With this technique, the specialist can diagnose ce

What is thyroplasty? Thyroplasty is a surgical procedure that is performed for vocal cord paralysis. It is used to improve a patient’s voice and ability to cough. The procedure alters the thyroid cartilage of the larynx (the voice box) which houses the vocal cords, in order to change the length or position of the cords. What causes vocal cord paralysis? Vocal cords are found at

What is analysed in a TSH analysis? The TSH analysis evaluates thyroid function. It is requested to diagnose hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, monitor thyroid diseases, and follow up in cases of thyroid cancer. What does the result mean? Elevated TSH indicates a low concentration of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) in the blood. Decreased TSH signifies high concentration of T3 and T4.

What is a tic?A tic is an involuntary contraction of a muscle or a group of muscles, which can result in a movement or a sound. Sometimes tics are classified as non-voluntary rather than involuntary – this is because people can suppress the action (unlike a muscular twitch), but the urge to perform the tic becomes so strong that it is irresistible. What are the different types of tic?Motor (m

What is a tilt test? The tilt test or tilt table test is an examination carried out to find out the causes of syncope (collapse) without any specific cause, and that is accompanied by other symptoms such as instability or vertigo. Mainly, the test is based on the evaluation of the heart rate and blood pressure while lying down, standing almost upright, and being in an erect position. Wha

What is timed intercourse? Scheduled sexual intercourse, also known as directed intercourse or timed intercourse, is a simple reproductive technique monitored by a gynaecologist that may be recommended for couples who are having difficulty getting pregnant naturally. Why might timed intercourse be recommended? Usually, directed intercourse is recommended to couples who have