Medical dictionary

What is renal artery stenosis? Renal artery stenosis is where the arteries which carry blood to your kidneys become narrowed. This can harm the functioning of your kidneys and lead to high blood pressure. Renal artery stenosis can occur due to growth in the muscles of the arteries or atherosclerosis. Renal artery stenosis procedures are aimed at restoring the flow of blood in the k

What is renal denervation? Renal denervation is a relatively new minimally-invasive treatment that aims to reduce blood pressure in people with hypertension. Renal denervation is not widely practiced in the UK due to conflicting evidence over its effectiveness. Why is renal denervation performed? This treatment is performed in patients suffering from resistant hypertension. This diagn

What is renal papillary necrosis? Renal papillary necrosis is a disorder of the kidneys in which some or all of the renal papillae die. The renal papillae are the areas where the openings of the collecting ducts enter the kidney and where urine flows into the ureters. Prognosis The prognosis depends on the severity of the disease. In some cases the condition resolves by itself. In oth

The renal profile is a comprehensive set of tests designed to evaluate the function of the kidneys. Here's a detailed breakdown of what the renal profile entails: What is being analysed? The renal profile analyses various parameters related to kidney function, including electrolyte levels, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Why perform the analysis? The renal profi

What is renal vein thrombosis? Renal vein thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms within one or both of the renal veins, obstructing the normal flow of blood from the kidneys. It primarily affects individuals with certain risk factors, such as kidney disease, trauma, infection, pregnancy, or conditions that cause hypercoagulability (increased blood clotting).   What are the cau

What is reproductive immunology? Reproductive immunology is the study of how the immune system and reproductive system interact during conception and throughout pregnancy. The immune system is the body’s defence mechanism, protecting against infection. When a foreign body is identified, it is seen as a threat and destroyed. Reproductive immunology studies how the body accepts a pregn

What are respiratory allergies? Respiratory allergies occur when the immune system has a negative reaction to certain substances such as dust, pollen or the hair of certain animals. These allergies are very common and can occur at any age. The body acts against a certain substance: the allergen. The most common allergens in respiratory allergies are pollen, dust, mould, and hair or animal dande

What are respiratory diseases? Before we define respiratory diseases we must look at the respiratory system. The respiratory system plays an essential role in supplying the body with oxygen. In turn, it removes carbon dioxide residues and toxins, it also regulates temperature and stabilizes blood. Chronic respiratory diseases (CKD) are chronic diseases that affect the lung and / or the airw

What is respiratory failure? Respiratory failure is a condition that affects the respiratory system when it doesn’t provide enough oxygen to the blood or when the lungs can’t properly eliminate carbon dioxide. It can be acute or chronic. When it appears for a limited period of time (maximum one hour), it is an acute condition; if it develops over a few days, it is considered chronic