Medical dictionary

What is eustachian tube dysfunction? The small tubes which equalise ear pressure and drain fluid from the middle ear, located between your middle ears (behind your ear drum) and upper throat, can become blocked. When this happens, pain, hearing difficulties, and a feeling of fullness in the ears can occur. This is known as eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD).  What causes eustach

What is eventration? Eventration is a hernia (leakage of an organ or adjacent tissues of the cavity where they are contained) that forms at the same time as the scars after abdominal surgery. Eventration is a complication of a laparotomy or abdomen surgery. What are the symptoms of eventration? The main symptom of eventration is swelling at a point on the surgical scar. The eventratio

What are evoked potentials? Evoked potential (EP) tests or evoked response tests are a diagnostic tool used by neurophysiologists to measure the time it takes for the brain to respond to various stimuli to the different senses, including sight, hearing and touch. They can be used to diagnose problems in the nervous system, such as multiple sclerosis. The nervous system is a complex web

Why is exercise for osteoporosis important? Regular exercise is important for everyone but if you have osteoporosis it is especially important for the prevention of falls and fractures. The right kind of exercise can increase your bone strength and muscle strength, improve your balance and coordination, and improve your overall feeling of health and well-being. The following exercises h

What is exophthalmos (bulging eyes)? Exophthalmos is the term used to describe bulging eyes – eyes that protrude out of their normal position. It is also known as proptosis. Very often this can be a sign of a potentially serious underlying medical condition, such as hyperthyroidism. Generally, protruding eyes are considered bulging if the whites of the eyes are visible between the iris

What is Exosome treatment?Exosome treatment is an advanced regenerative therapy that utilises exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles naturally released by cells, particularly stem cells. Exosomes play a critical role in cell communication, carrying signals in the form of proteins, lipids and genetic material (such as RNA) between cells. In the context of aesthetic and regenerative medici

What is an expert witness? A medical expert witness is someone that has specialised or expert knowledge in a specific medical field that can benefit a case and assist a court or tribunal to come to a decision. An expert witness may need to carry out medical examinations and will need to provide an expert report that includes evidence, facts and their independent opinion on specific medical

What is extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy? Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is a non-invasive procedure which treats kidney stones by breaking them up into smaller pieces. It is a safe procedure which has been in use since the 1980s.    What is it for? The procedure is often used to treat people with stones in the kidney as well as the ureter. It can be less pain

What is analysed? Extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) antibodies are a group of autoantibodies that target certain proteins and ribonucleoproteins located in the cell nucleus. There are several types of ENA antibodies, and each is associated with specific autoimmune diseases. Common ENA antibodies include: anti-Sm (Smith) antibody anti-SS-A (Ro) and anti-SS-B (Lo) antibody anti-RNP a