Medical dictionary

What are bone markers?Bone markers are substances present in the blood that reflect the activity of bone cells. Analysing these markers can provide valuable information about bone metabolism and help diagnose and monitor various bone diseases.What is analysed in this test?Bone markers include proteins and enzymes that indicate bone formation or breakdown. Common markers include osteocalcin, alkali

What is bone marrow cancer? Bone marrow cancer is a form of cancer that forms in the marrow, the spongy tissue found inside your bones. Bone marrow cancer can appear anywhere in the body. The most common types of bone marrow cancer are: multiple myeloma leukaemia lymphoma Multiple myeloma and leukaemia are also known as types of blood cancer, because the job of the bone marrow

What is analysed in a bone marrow study? A bone marrow study evaluates the health and function of this tissue. It examines the cells present in the bone marrow, their quantity, characteristics, and proportions. How is the sample obtained for analysis? There are two common procedures: Bone marrow aspiration: A small amount of liquid and cells is extracted from the bone marrow. Bone mar

What is a bone marrow transplant? A bone marrow transplant is a therapeutic procedure that aims to replace damaged bone marrow with healthy marrow in order to treat certain types of blood disorders. The transplant is carried out by injecting haematopoietic stem cells that turn into healthy platelets, red and white blood cells. A bone marrow transplant will be carried out by a specialist haem

What is bone metastases?Metastasis is a process wherein cancer spreads from one part of the body to the other, affecting one or more organs.In bone metastasis, the cancer spreads from the original cancer site to the bones. This process does not result in bone cancer, which is where the cancer originates in the bone.If the cancer starts in the breast, and metastises to the bone, then it is called m

What is bone reconstruction? Bone reconstruction is the regeneration of lost bone. Dentists use this technique after a tooth extraction, to fill bone defects caused by periodontitis or when inserting dental implants in an area without enough bone to firmly hold the titanium root. How is bone reconstruction done? There are three methods most commonly used in bone reconstruction: grafts

What is borderline personality disorder? Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental health disorder that affects the way someone thinks, feels and relates to others which can create problems in everyday life. BPD is thought to be the most common of personality disorders.     What are the symptoms? The symptoms of borderline personality disorder generally start t

What is botulinum toxin (Botox™)? Botulinum toxin, more commonly known as Botox™, is a neurotoxin that is used to treat various medical conditions. It is also used as a cosmetic treatment and is administered via injection. Botulinum toxin was the first drug developed to use botulinum toxin, but others have also been developed. What is botulinum toxin used for? Th

What is this treatment?    Botulinum toxin is a treatment that is most commonly known as Botox. It is quite often used to achieve a more rejuvenated look. Wrinkles appear over time and for some people this is a real concern. Botox is the trademark name for botulinum toxin. It is a neurotoxic protein that is injected under the skin in order to remove wrinkles that appear on the fa