Medical dictionary

What is shoulder surgery?   Shoulder surgery treats injured shoulders by repairing the muscles, connective tissue, or damaged joints that occur from traumatic injury, or from where the shoulder has been overused.   The shoulder is the most flexible joint in the body, allowing the arm to be placed and rotated in many positions in front, above, to the side and behind the body.

What is shoulder tendonitis? Tendonitis refers to the inflammation of a tendon, in which micro tears and areas of necrosis occur. Tendonitis in the shoulder can mainly affect the long portion of the brachial biceps and the muscles of the rotator cuff. What is the outlook for shoulder tendonitis? Physical therapy and exercise are usually effective when it comes to improv

What is sialendoscopy?Sialendoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure used to diagnose and treat salivary gland disorders. The procedure involves the use of a small, flexible endoscope (a thin tube equipped with a high-definition camera and light source) to examine for any blockages, stones, or other abnormalities.  Why is it done?Sialendoscopy is performed for various reasons:To locate

  What is small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)? Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a condition that affects the small intestine as a result of bacteria that normally grows in the gut (microbiome) becoming unbalanced and overgrows in the small intestine. Most of the gut bacteria are supposed to be found in the large intestine (colon) where

What is sickle cell anaemia?   Sickle cell anaemia is the most well-known and common type of sickle cell disease, in which the blood disorder results in anaemia (a shortage of haemoglobin and/or red blood cells in the blood, reducing the amount of oxygen carried by the blood to the cells that need it).   Haemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that binds to oxygen,

What is sickle cell disease? Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of blood disorders affecting the haemoglobin molecules in red blood cells. Haemoglobin is a protein found in all red blood cells. It binds to oxygen when the blood passes through the lungs, allowing the red blood cells to carry the oxygen throughout the body. When haemoglobin is abnormal, as in sickle cell disease, it affe

What is a simple goitre?   A simple goitre is an enlargement of the thyroid gland, with a lack of thyroid malfunction or thyroid cancer being apparent. Most goitres are non-cancerous and goitres are not tumours. The thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck where the collarbones meet. It is an important gland in the endocrine system, as it makes the hormones which control man

What is singing voice restoration? Singing voice restoration is a specialised area of voice therapy and medical treatment focused on helping individuals regain or improve their singing capabilities following vocal injury, surgery, or chronic voice disorders. This process involves a multidisciplinary approach combining otolaryngology (ENT), speech-language pathology, and sometimes vocal coaching

What is sinusitis? Sinusitis is a condition characterised by inflammation of the paranasal sinuses which are the cavities located behind the forehead, cheeks and eyes. It occurs as a result of infection by viruses, fungi or bacteria. Sinusitis can be treated by an ENT specialist. There are two types of sinusitis: Acute sinusitis – when the symptoms are present for four weeks