Medical dictionary

What is a hysterectomy? A hysterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove a woman's uterus (womb), and sometimes the ovaries are also removed. Why may a woman need to undergo a hysterectomy? What does it help to treat? A hysterectomy may be used to treat a variety of conditions, including heavy periods, fibroids or cancer. Often, a hysterectomy will be chosen when other less invasi

What is laparoscopy? Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique which allows the surgeon to operate without the need for deep or large incisions in the skin. This means the recovery period is generally shorter, there is less pain after the operation, and scarring is reduced significantly for the patient. This technique is also known as keyhole surgery.     Why

What is a laparotomy? Laparotomy is a surgical incision into the abdominal cavity. It is carried out to examine the organs and structures of the lower abdomen, such as the appendix, intestines, kidneys, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, bladder, uterus, etc. It is performed under general anaesthetic and may be merely exploratory or may include another surgical procedure if necessary, as i

What is laser vaginal rejuvenation?   Laser vaginal rejuvenation is a quick and painless procedure that uses laser technology to restore the vaginal wall.     Why is laser vaginal rejuvenation done?   The wall of the vagina can change for a number of reasons, leading to dryness, pain during intercourse, or simply a reduction in enjoyment. Some women exp

What is lichen sclerosus? Lichen sclerosus is a rare chronic inflammatory skin disorder, also known as Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. It particularly affects the tissue of the genital area in both males and females. Dermatologists and urologists are the medical specialists that treat lichen sclerosus.     What are the symptoms of lichen s

What is Lynch syndrome? Lynch syndrome, also known as HNPCC (hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer), is an inherited disorder that increases the risk of many types of cancer, particularly cancers of the colon (large intestine) and rectum, which are collectively referred to as colorectal cancer. Patients with Lynch syndrome usually develop colorectal cancer before the age of 50. The cond

What is male infertility? Male infertility is a health condition where a male’s chances of getting his partner pregnant are reduced. Infertility is classed as being unable to conceive after frequent, unprotected sex, with around 15 per cent of couples unable to conceive when having unprotected sex, approximately 40-50 per cent of these cases are due to male infertility. What a

What is mastalgia? Mastalgia is the medical term for breast pain. There are two main types of mastalgia – cyclic and non-cyclic. Cyclic pain is connected to the menstrual cycle and, as such, usually occurs monthly. It usually manifests in both breasts, but can be limited to just one, or can also radiate to the armpit and/or arm. Non-cyclic pain is not linked to the menstrual cycle.

What is mastitis? Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary glands caused, usually, by an infection. Common symptoms include swelling, pain, redness and sometimes a mild fever. What symptoms does it present? The usual symptoms of mastitis are: Breast pain Swelling The breast is sensitive to the touch and flushed Swollen lymph nodes in the armpits Fever and chills Fati